Generated by All in One SEO v4.9.10, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # TIC ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://tanb.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Pages - [Home](https://tanb.org/) - Driving Innovation with Tantalum and Niobium From Aerospace to Medical Devices – Shaping the Future. Why Tantalum & Niobium? Discover the unique properties and applications of these extraordinary elements. Join the Global Network Explore membership benefits and become part of the T.I.C. community. Explore Industry Innovations Learn about the latest developments and research in tantalum - [T.I.C. Annual Report 2026](https://tanb.org/t-i-c-annual-report-2026/) - Read the T.I.C. Annual Report 2026, covering the global tantalum and niobium industry, membership, GA67, the Ekeberg Prize and key activities. - [T.I.C. Members’ Updates](https://tanb.org/t-i-c-members-updates/) - Access the latest T.I.C. Members’ Updates, association news, event information and important updates for members of the tantalum and niobium industries. - [T.I.C. Members’ Update August 2026 | GA67 Yinchuan](https://tanb.org/t-i-c-members-updates/t-i-c-members-update-august-2026-ga67-yinchuan/) - Read the August 2026 T.I.C. Members’ Update, including GA67 preparations in Yinchuan, record delegate numbers, sponsor thanks, travel information and industry news. - [Pre-registration for GA67](https://tanb.org/pre-registration-for-ga67/) - T.I.C. General Assembly and Conference 13–16 September 2026 • Yinchuan, ChinaVenue: JW Marriott Yinchuan GA67 Registration Closed T.I.C. General Assembly and Conference Join members, partners and industry experts in Yinchuan for a four-day programme featuring technical presentations, market insight, professional discussion and international networking. 13 to 16 September 2026 Yinchuan, China JW Marriott Yinchuan GA67 - [T.I.C. Members' Update July 2026](https://tanb.org/t-i-c-members-updates/t-i-c-members-update-july-2026/) - Read the T.I.C. Members' Update for July 2026, including GA67 news, Executive Committee elections, advertising opportunities and industry updates. - [Statement from the President](https://tanb.org/statement-from-the-president/) - Statement from T.I.C. President Mrs Silvana Fehling regarding recent developments involving the RBA, RMI, China and responsible sourcing. - [GA67 Technical Programme](https://tanb.org/ga67-technical-programme/) - View the GA67 Technical Programme for Yinchuan 2026, with session times, keynote presentations, confirmed speakers and panel discussions. - [GA67 General Information](https://tanb.org/ga67-general-information/) - Plan your visit to GA67 in Yinchuan with the full timetable, hotel rates, travel advice, delegate guidance, social events and practical information. - [Contacts](https://tanb.org/contacts/) - Our Contact Informations Confidential Reporting and General Enquiries Get in touch with us Confidential Reporting and General Enquiries Headquarters Address: Chaussée de Louvain 490, 1380 Lasne, Belgium Email Us info@tanb.org Call Us +44 7745 521 449 Office Hours Mon-Fri: 9am-6pm - [Data Protection & Privacy Policy](https://tanb.org/data-protection-privacy-policy/) - I. 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Failure to comply with this Policy may result in the association and/or its members violating antitrust legislation and being subject to the imposition of substantial fines or even - [Membership Checkout](https://tanb.org/membership-checkout/) - [pmpro_checkout] - [Presidents Alignment Statement](https://tanb.org/presidents-alignment-statement/) - The Presidents alignment statement Tatalum-Niobium International Study Centre The T.I.C. Industry Association has taken note of recent reporting indicating that a landslide in Rubaya in January 2026 has contributed to temporary constraints in the availability of tantalite material in certain supply chains.Based on information presently available to market participants, the implications for internationally recognized conflict-free - [Directory](https://tanb.org/directory/) - Our Members See all of our members below. 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Cant find what your looking for? Search your Keywords below. Search Popular Keywords Categories No Record Found View All Results Introduction to Niobium: Applications, Processing, and Market Insights Tantalum (Ta) is a highly valuable metal - [Tantalum Documents](https://tanb.org/tantalum-documents/) - Tantalum Specific Specific Info From the most remote corners of the Earth comes the fuel that makes modern life possible. Cant find what your looking for? Search your Keywords below. Search Popular Keywords Categories No Record Found View All Results Introduction to Tantalum: Applications, Processing, and Market Insights Tantalum (Ta) is a highly valuable metal - [New Industry Developments](https://tanb.org/new-industry-developments/) - the Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center (T.I.C.) An international, non-profit association founded in 1974 under Belgian law. News Industry Developments Stay informed with the latest advancements shaping the metals industry. This section will feature newly published insights on emerging technologies, market trends, regulatory updates, and innovations as they become available.As new developments are added, they will - [Knowledge Base](https://tanb.org/knowledge-base/) - the Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center (T.I.C.) An international, non-profit association founded in 1974 under Belgian law. Search Knowledge Archive Search Popular Keywords Categories No Record Found View All Results Our Knowledge Archive is designed to provide comprehensive insights into the metals industry. Whether you’re searching for information on specific materials, industry trends, or key processes, ## Bulletins - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 196](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-196/) - Explore T.I.C. Bulletin No. 196, featuring the 2026 Ekeberg Prize winner, GA67 technical programme, AI-driven tantalum demand and industry developments. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 195](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-195/) - Bulletin No. 195 explores how heat treatment changes the crystallographic structure of tantalum sputtering blanks used in advanced semiconductor manufacturing, alongside industry updates, responsible sourcing developments and preparations for GA67 in Yinchuan - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 174](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-174/) - This issue explores the role of niobium superconductors in the ITER fusion project, the re-emergence of Western Australia as a major tantalum supplier, and previews the 59th General Assembly in Kigali. It features the 2018 Ekeberg Prize shortlist, a technical introduction to field-portable XRF, and a wide-ranging update on tantalum-niobium patents. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 180](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-180/) - Explore Bulletin No. 180 featuring tantalum and niobium in additive manufacturing, reform in NORM transport rules, and T.I.C.’s annual industry statistics. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 175](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-175/) - Explore Bulletin No. 175 featuring the history of tantalum’s discovery, GaN amplifier tech using tantalum capacitors, and the launch of the Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Prize. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 176](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-176/) - Explore Bulletin 176 covering tantalum capacitor performance, updated global trade stats, Kigali’s GA59 recap, and intellectual property updates in tantalum and niobium. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 177](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-177/) - Explore Bulletin 177 with best practices for NORM shipping, an in-depth feature on Brazil’s niobium and tantalum sector, and niobium capacitor performance insights. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 178](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-178/) - Explore Bulletin 178 featuring tantalum recycling innovation, niobium superconductors in maglev trains, the 2019 Ekeberg Prize shortlist, and EU Tarantula Project developments. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 179](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-179/) - T.I.C. Director Roland Chavasse outlines how due diligence, mineral traceability, and increased production from Brazil and Australia have made tantalum supply more secure than ever. The article covers artisanal mining’s evolution, ITSCI’s stabilising influence, and the coming impact of EU conflict mineral legislation from 2021. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 188](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-188/) - Bulletin 188 highlights the shortlisted research for the 2022 Ekeberg Prize, including novel work in tantalum bonding, thin film testing, and additive manufacturing. Also featured are updates on CERN’s use of niobium, transport of radioactive materials, and industry response to supply chain and sustainability challenges. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 181](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-181/) - Bulletin 181 explores tantalum’s critical role in life-supporting medical equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic, the science behind oxide interference films for art and electronics, and new developments in high-temperature tantalum polymer capacitors. Additional features include NORM transport reform, a tantalum market overview by DERA, and international patent updates. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 182](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-182/) - The 2020 Ekeberg Prize shortlist spans pioneering work in tantalum recycling by solvent extraction, bone implants using electron beam melting, high-temp shape memory alloys, aerospace coatings, and sol–gel oxide films. These papers reflect tantalum’s expanding role in cutting-edge manufacturing, medical, and energy applications. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 183](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-183/) - Explore Bulletin No. 183 featuring the award-winning tantalum recycling research, AM alloy powder development, and recent international patent trends in tantalum and niobium. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 184](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-184/) - This technical paper explores the critical role of tantalum capacitors in 5G telecom networks, highlighting their stability, reliability, and compact design advantages. It discusses use in GaN-based power amplifiers and why 5G’s demanding frequency and durability needs will sustain strong demand for tantalum capacitors despite past efforts to replace them in 4G systems. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 185](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-185/) - Explore Bulletin No. 185 covering Class 7 transport issues, OECD conflict mineral due diligence, and the future of niobium rebar for seismic resilience. April 2021. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 186](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-186/) - This edition features a retrospective on the Ekeberg Prize and presents the 2021 shortlist, covering tantalum innovations in additive manufacturing, superconducting nanowires, water splitting, and thermal conductivity. Also featured is an in-depth article on high-performance niobium-containing bridge steels and a preview of the 62nd General Assembly in London. - [T.I.C. Bulletin Entry – No. 187](https://tanb.org/bulletin/t-i-c-bulletin-entry-no-187/) - This edition features the 2021 Ekeberg Prize-winning paper on tantalum machining challenges. It explores cutting mechanics, sinuous flow, and a novel mechanochemical effect using marker ink to improve cutting efficiency. The bulletin also includes updates on GA62 and T.I.C. staff appointments. ## Ekeberg Prize - [The Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Tantalum Prize](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/the-anders-gustaf-ekeberg-tantalum-prize/) - The Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Tantalum Prize ('Ekeberg Prize') is a annually awarded by the T.I.C. for excellence in tantalum research and innovation*. The Ekeberg Prize, first awarded in 2018, increases awareness of the many unique properties of tantalum products and the applications in which they excel. - [Ekeberg Prize 2023 - Winner](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/ekeberg-prize-2023-winner/) - Tailoring Nb-based alloys for Additive Manufacturing: From powder production to parameter optimization Tailoring a speciality alloy for Additive Manufacturing - From powder production to parameter optimization Dr. Markus Weinmann (TANIOBIS GmbH), Shaumik Lenka (Alloyed), Dr. André Németh (TANIOBIS GmbH), Dr. Melanie Stenzel (TANIOBIS GmbH) Motivation Ultra-high temperature refractory alloys have the potential to - [Ekeberg Prize 2022 - Winner](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/ekeberg-prize-2022-winner/) - This study explores the fundamental differences in metal–imido bonding between tantalum and niobium, aiming to enhance separation techniques. Improved understanding of these chemical behaviours could support more efficient and selective refining processes for tantalum, a critical metal in electronics and high-performance applications. - [Ekeberg Prize 2021 - Winner](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/ekeberg-prize-2021-winner/) - The 2021 Ekeberg Prize was awarded to researchers for outstanding work in tantalum chemistry, recognising a publication that deepens scientific understanding of tantalum's unique properties. This accolade highlights innovation in the field and promotes continued excellence in tantalum research. - [Ekeberg Prize 2020 - winner](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/ekeberg-prize-2020-winner/) - The Ekeberg Prize 2020 honoured groundbreaking research on tantalum and niobium oxide thin films for high-k dielectric applications. The winning study advances materials science by showcasing the potential of these oxides in next-generation electronic components, reflecting tantalum’s ongoing importance in high-tech innovation. - [Ekeberg Prize 2019 - Winner](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/ekeberg-prize-2019-winner/) - The 2019 Ekeberg Prize recognised a pioneering study on the electrochemical behaviour of tantalum in molten salt systems. This work offers valuable insight into refining and recycling methods, reinforcing tantalum’s strategic role in sustainable metal processing and advanced material applications. - [Ekeberg Prize 2018 - Winner](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/ekeberg-prize-2018-winner/) - Announcing the winner of the Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Tantalum Prize 2018: Dr Yuri Freeman for “Tantalum and Niobium-Based Capacitors” The Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Tantalum Prize (‘Ekeberg Prize’), awarded annually for outstanding contribution to the advancement of the knowledge and understanding of the metallic element tantalum (Ta), has been awarded to Dr Yuri Freeman of KEMET - [Panel of experts](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/panel-of-experts/) - The independent Panel of Experts judges the prize. The Panel is a group of international experts selected from around the world to provide an impartial assessment on the technical merit of the shortlisted papers. Each is asked to serve for up to three years to give continuity and stability to the decision-making process. Members of the current T.I.C. Executive Committee and staff cannot sit on the Panel. - [2024 Anders Gustav Ekeberg Prize Winner](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/2024-anders-gustav-ekeberg-prize-winner/) - The 2024 Ekeberg Prize has been awarded to Professor Peter J. Bonitatibus Jr. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), in collaboration with Dr. Benjamin M. Yeh and Yuxin Sun (University of California, San Francisco) - [The Ekeberg Prize 2024: shortlisted abstracts](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/the-ekeberg-prize-2024-shortlisted-abstracts/) - The 2024 winner will be announced in September, with the lead author receiving the award during the 65th General Assembly of the T.I.C., scheduled to take place in Tokyo, Japan from 8th to 11th September 2024. - [How to submit a publication](https://tanb.org/ekeberg-prize/how-to-submit-a-publication/) ## General Assemblies - [64th General Assembly](https://tanb.org/general-assembly/64th-general-assembly/) - 2023 AGM REPORT The 2023 AGM took place on Monday September 11th as part of the 64th General Assembly. The meeting was quorate and held in full compliance with the Association's Antitrust Compliance Policy. During the AGM, motions were passed including approval of the Minutes of the 2022 Annual General Meeting (AGM), held in Geneva on - [58th General Assembly](https://tanb.org/general-assembly/58th-general-assembly/) - Vancouver, Canada The Fifty-eighth General Assembly was held in Vancouver, BC, Canada, from Sunday October 15th to Wednesday October 18th, 2017.This year's event, generously sponsored by KEMET Electronics Corp., took the form of a Technical Symposium, with extended presentations. Among the highlights was the Gala Dinner, held at the Vancouver Convention Center, with stunning views - [60th General Assembly](https://tanb.org/general-assembly/60th-general-assembly/) - Hong Kong SAR, China, October 13th to 16th 2019 Platinum sponsor: Guangdong Zhiyuan New Material Co., Ltd 2019 AGM REPORT The 2019 AGM was held on the morning of October 14th. During the AGM, motions were passed including minutes from the 59th General Assembly and the budget for the 2020 financial year. Seven companies were elected - [63rd General Assembly](https://tanb.org/general-assembly/63rd-general-assembly/) - 2022 AGM REPORT The 2022 AGM took place on Monday October 17th as part of the 63rd General Assembly. The meeting was quorate and held in full compliance with the Association's Antitrust Compliance Policy. During the AGM, motions were passed including approval of the Minutes of the 2021 Annual General Meeting (AGM), held in London on November - [62nd General Assembly](https://tanb.org/general-assembly/62nd-general-assembly/) - 2021 AGM REPORT The 2021 AGM took place on Monday November 15th as part of the 62nd General Assembly. Given the very special circumstances, with many members prevented from travelling to London due to Covid, companies could choose to vote either by email (in advance) or in person at the AGM. The meeting was quorate - [61st General Assembly](https://tanb.org/general-assembly/61st-general-assembly/) - The 61st General Assembly and annual general meeting (AGM) was an interactive virtual conference that was held on October 12th 2020. The event included the same exclusive networking opportunities that an in-person conference provides, together with the high-quality presentations and panel discussions from industry leaders that you expect from the T.I.C. The event was held in association with MIRU, a leading Japanese news organisation and market - [59th General Assembly](https://tanb.org/general-assembly/59th-general-assembly/) - The Fifty-ninth General Assembly was held in Kigali, Rwanda, from Sunday October 14th to Wednesday October 17th 2018. It was generously sponsored by Cronimet Central Africa AG (gold) and Jiujiang Zhongao Tantalum & Niobium Co. Ltd (silver). The Welcome Cocktail Reception was generously sponsored by Krome Commodities Ltd. The full technical programme, including abstracts, was published - [57th General Assembly](https://tanb.org/general-assembly/57th-general-assembly/) - Toulouse, France, October 16th to 19th 2016 The Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center held its Fifty-seventh General Assembly in Toulouse, France, from Sunday October 16th to Wednesday October 19th, 2016. Over 200 delegates attended the General Assembly. Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry and a pole of excellence for the medical, IT and - [65th General Assembly](https://tanb.org/general-assembly/65th-general-assembly/) - 2024 AGM Report The 2024 Annual General Meeting (AGM) was held on Monday, 9 September, as part of the 65th General Assembly—an especially significant occasion marking 50 years of the Tantalum–Niobium International Study Center (T.I.C.). The Assembly provided an opportunity not only to reflect on the Association’s achievements, but also to honour the memory of - [66th General Assembly](https://tanb.org/general-assembly/66th-general-assembly/) - The 66th General Assembly of the T.I.C. is generously sponsored by our Platinum sponsor: Mining Minerals Resources Sarl, Bronze sponsor: A&R Merchants Inc., and Lanyard sponsor: Halcyon Inc. The Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the Association will be held at 8:30 on Monday, September 15th. Keynote addresses and technical presentations are scheduled on Monday and Tuesday mornings and early afternoons. Please respect the presenters and do not schedule your business meetings during the technical sessions. ## General Info Pages - [Ask an expert](https://tanb.org/general-info/ask-an-expert/) - To better serve the tantalum and niobium industries, the T.I.C. has developed "Ask an Expert", a service that allows both members and non-members to ask technical questions to the Association. - [Early History](https://tanb.org/general-info/early-history/) - Tantalum was discovered in 1802, one year after niobium by Anders Gustaf Ekeberg (1767-1813). Ekeberg was born in Sweden and graduated from the University of Uppsala in 1788. He embarked on a teaching career at Uppsala where he presented chemical expositions and analysed minerals. The minerals of Ytterby, Sweden were a particular interest. One mineral - [Responsible sourcing: supply chain due diligence](https://tanb.org/general-info/responsible-sourcing-supply-chain-due-diligence/) - ​The Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center (T.I.C.) defines the "Supply Chain" as encompassing all aspects related to the responsible sourcing of tantalum minerals, with a particular focus on due diligence, especially when sourcing from conflict-affected or high-risk areas. Their global efforts in this domain are firmly rooted in the "OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas," a set of guidelines they have collaborated on since 2009. In 2016, the T.I.C. introduced the "Artisanal and Small Scale Mining Code of Conduct," mandating all members to apply due diligence in their sourcing practices - [Conflict Affected and High-Risk Areas (CAHRAs)](https://tanb.org/general-info/conflict-affected-and-high-risk-areas-cahras/) - The Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center (T.I.C.) outlines Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas (CAHRAs) as regions impacted by armed conflict, weak governance, and human rights violations. Adhering to OECD and EU guidelines, T.I.C. promotes responsible mineral sourcing through rigorous due diligence practices. - [Transporting NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials)](https://tanb.org/general-info/transporting-norm-naturally-occurring-radioactive-materials/) - Niobium and tantalum raw materials can contain low levels of the radioactive elements thorium (Th) and uranium (U), leading to them being classified as naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). International transport of NORM is governed by various regulations and agreements, which set exemption levels for the amount of Th and U that may be transported without regulatory concern. Materials containing Th and U above these exemption levels are transported as 'Class 7 Dangerous Goods', necessitating specific requirements to ensure their safe transport. - [Who was Anders G. Ekeberg?](https://tanb.org/general-info/who-was-anders-g-ekeberg/) - Anders Gustaf Ekeberg was born in 1767 in Sweden. He was a Swedish scientist, mathematician, and poet. He became a professor at Uppsala University in 1794 and initially made his name by developing advanced analytical techniques and by proposing Swedish names for the common chemical elements according to the principles set out by the "father of modern chemistry" Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier - [Typical market specifications](https://tanb.org/general-info/typical-market-specifications/) - Tantalite on the international market generally contains a minimum of 30% Ta2O5, while lower grade material with a minimum of 20% Ta2O5 may also be of interest. The commercial payable value is based on the Ta2O5 content alone, any Nb2O5 is generally ignored. - [REACH (EU)](https://tanb.org/general-info/reach-eu/) - REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals) is an EU regulation managing chemical safety. It requires companies to register substances with ECHA, ensuring transparency on potential health and environmental impacts. The T.I.C. supports members in maintaining compliance - [EU regulation](https://tanb.org/general-info/eu-regulation/) - Due diligence ready! is dedicated to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with minerals and metals in their supply chain, focusing on, but not limited to, tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold. It helps SMEs perform due diligence effectively and ensure they can source responsibly. For those impacted by regulatory requirements, for example by the EU’s ‘conflict minerals’ regulation, the initiative will help them comply with their legal obligations. ## Material Information - [Further information](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/further-information/) - Tantalum and Niobium: Deposits, Resources, Exploration Methods and Market (Simandl et al, 2018) British Geological Survey (BGS) profile on niobium and tantalum Geology, Exploration and Mining: 101 website resources KEMET introduction to what a capacitor is and how it works Minor Metals Trade Association (MMTA) page on tantalum Niobec video about the niobium mine and - [Production of raw materials](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/production-of-raw-materials-2/) - Extraction or production of tantalum raw materials of all kinds is widespread, whether by primary industrial mining, artisanal mining, as a secondary mineral or as a byproduct. Brazil is currently the major producer. Significant quantities are also produced in China, the DR Congo, Russia and Rwanda. Additional quantities are produced, some intermittently or at a - [Flow and Stock Estimation of Tantalum for Sustainable Supply Chain](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/flow-and-stock-estimation-of-tantalum-for-sustainable-supply-chain/) - [Further information](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/further-information-2/) - Tantalum and Niobium: Deposits, Resources, Exploration Methods and Market (Simandl et al, 2018) "Much ado about tantalum" by Richard Burt (2016) British Geological Survey (BGS) profile on niobium and tantalum (2011) Geology, Exploration and Mining: 101 website resources KEMET introduction to what a capacitor is and how it works Minor Metals Trade Association (MMTA) page - [Gallery: Tantalum minerals](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/gallery-tantalum-minerals/) - Minerals containing Tantalum (Ta). All photos copyright T.I.C. 2019 - [Creating the Ekeberg Prize medal](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/creating-the-ekeberg-prize-medal/) - In 2018 the Kazakhstan Mint created a set of medals for the Ekeberg Prize from pure tantalum metal. - [A visual guide to artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) of tantalite](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/a-visual-guide-to-artisanal-and-small-scale-mining-asm-of-tantalite/) - In 2013/2014 Ulric Schwela, T.I.C.’s then Technical Officer, visited ASM mine sites in Burundi, DRC and Rwanda. These photographs show typical tantalite ASM processes, although in reality operations vary considerably. - [Harmonised system commodity codes](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/harmonised-system-commodity-codes-2/) - Developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO), this is a six-digit figure for describing internationally traded goods. Individual countries may further extend this code with an additional two or four digits, however these additional digits are not harmonised and may have different meanings from country to country. Below is a list of six-digit HS codes - [Tantalum capacitors in 5G](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/tantalum-capacitors-in-5g/) - This article first appeared in Bulletin #184, the quarterly journal of the T.I.C. It was written by Dr Tomas Zednicek of the European Passive Components Institute (EPCI) and based on a presentation given at the T.I.C.’s 61st General Assembly. All views and opinions in this article are those of the author and not the T.I.C. Contact - [Superalloys](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/superalloys/) - Superalloys are a group of polymetallic high-performance alloys that possess very high melting temperatures, high strength, and considerable resistance to wear in corrosive and oxidizing environments. Because of their high strength and minimal thermal creep at high temperatures (above 800ºC), the majority (85%) of superalloys find application as investment castings and directionally solidified and single - [Applications for tantalum](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/applications-for-tantalum/) - Tantalum consumption is dominated by capacitors for electronic equipment. Capacitors are electrical components that store energy electrostatically in an electric field, and are used in a wide variety of electric and electronic products. Capacitors are an essential part of almost all electronic products, ranging from smart phones to appliances in our homes, electronic systems in - [Processing: extraction and refining](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/processing-extraction-and-refining-2/) - The extraction and refining of tantalum, including the separation from niobium in these various tantalum-containing mineral concentrates, is generally accomplished by treating the ores with a mixture of hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids at elevated temperatures. This causes the tantalum and niobium values to dissolve as complex fluorides, and numerous impurities that were present also dissolve. - [Valuation basis](https://tanb.org/material-information/tantalum-ta/valuation-basis-2/) - The T.I.C. as an international association is not allowed to gather data on nor discuss prices, forecasting or future trends, as this would be against our Charter and may raise antitrust and competition law concerns. It is important to understand that there are no official prices for tantalum or niobium commodities, as these metals are - [Early history](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/early-history/) - Niobium was the first of these two elements to be discovered. In 1801, Charles Hatchett (1765-1847), an English chemist, analysed a specimen of an unknown mineral from the collection of the British Museum in London. This was a heavy black mineral obtained from the collection of the first governor of Connecticut, John Winthrop, who was - [Typical market specifications](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/typical-market-specifications/) - Columbite on the international market generally contains a minimum of 50% Nb2O5. The value is based on the combined Nb2O5+Ta2O5 content payable entirely as Nb2O5, there is no premium for the Ta2O5 content. Other Requirements The tantalum and niobium minerals often contain somewhat elevated levels of naturally occurring thorium and uranium, usually high enough for them to - [Valuation basis](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/valuation-basis/) - The T.I.C. as an international association is not allowed to gather data on nor discuss prices, forecasting or future trends, as this would be against our Charter and may raise antitrust and competition law concerns. It is important to understand that there are no official prices for tantalum or niobium commodities, as these metals are - [Production of raw materials](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/production-of-raw-materials/) - The primary mineral from which niobium is obtained is known as pyrochlore. The world's largest deposit is located in Araxa, Brazil and is owned by Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineracao (CBMM). The reserves are enough to supply current world demand for about 500 years, about 460 million tonnes. The mining of weathered ore, running - [Processing: extraction and refining](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/processing-extraction-and-refining/) - Two separate processing schemes are utilized for niobium production. Those companies that mine pyrochlore convert the niobium oxide units into HSLA ferroniobium through the aluminothermic reduction process or by reduction in an electric arc furnace. CBMM has installed capacity for the production of a high purity oxide that can be used to produce vacuum grade - [Applications for niobium](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/applications-for-niobium/) - Niobium consumption is dominated by its use as additive to high strength low alloy steel and stainless steel for oil and gas pipelines, car and truck bodies, architectural requirements, tool steels, ships hulls, railroad tracks. However, there are a number of other applications for niobium metal and its compounds. Although niobium has many applications the - [Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri/) - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) makes an immeasurable contribution to improving human health. Every day MRI machines help medical professionals save and improve countless lives around the world. It is estimated that over one million people are still alive as a direct consequence of MRI, an achievement made possible by niobium-titanium superconductors. MRI is used in - [Superalloys (Nb)](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/superalloys-nb/) - Superalloys are a group of polymetallic high-performance alloys that possess very high melting temperatures, high strength, and considerable resistance to wear in corrosive and oxidizing environments. Because of their high strength and minimal thermal creep at high temperatures (above 800ºC), the majority (85%) of superalloys find application as investment castings and directionally solidified and single - [Harmonised system commodity codes](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/harmonised-system-commodity-codes/) - Developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO), this is a six-digit figure for describing internationally traded goods. Individual countries may further extend this code with an additional two or four digits, however these additional digits are not harmonised and may have different meanings from country to country. Below is a list of six-digit HS codes - [Gallery: Niobium minerals](https://tanb.org/material-information/niobium-nb/gallery-niobium-minerals/) - Minerals containing Niobium (Nb). All photos copyright T.I.C. 2019/2020 ## Projects - [Tarantula project](https://tanb.org/project/tarantula-project/) - The TARANTULA project aims to develop a suite of novel, efficient, and flexible metallurgical technologies with high selectivity and recovery rates for tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), and tantalum (Ta). The project seeks to promote a sustainable annual supply of secondary tungsten equivalent to 50% of current EU primary production, exploit tantalum content equivalent to at least 120% of EU annual demand, and exploit niobium content equivalent to at least 5% of EU annual demand. ## Statistics - [T.I.C. Website Statistics Package](https://tanb.org/statistic/t-i-c-website-statistics-package/) - [ONG Commodities T.I.C. Quarterly Tantalum Concentrate Trade Summary 2021 to 2025](https://tanb.org/statistic/ong-commodities-t-i-c-quarterly-tantalum-concentrate-trade-summary-2021-to-2025/) ## FAQs - [How to submit your question to the T.I.C.](https://tanb.org/faqs/how-to-submit-your-question-to-the-t-i-c/) - To ask your question relating to tantalum and niobium simply contact the T.I.C. through our website here. - [What is columbium?](https://tanb.org/faqs/what-is-columbium/) - Columbium and niobium are synonymous names for the chemical element with atomic number 41. In 1801 the English chemist Charles Hatchett reported a new element similar to tantalum and named it columbium (with the chemical symbol ‘Cb’). However, in 1846 the German chemist Heinrich Rose reported a new element and named it niobium. Although columbium - [How do I measure the becquerels per gram (Bq/g) level of my tantalite? (or columbite or tin slag?)](https://tanb.org/faqs/how-do-i-measure-the-becquerels-per-gram-bq-g-level-of-my-tantalite-or-columbite-or-tin-slag/) - Niobium and tantalum raw materials can contain low levels of thorium (Th) and uranium (U), which leads to these raw materials being treated as naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). The determination of whether a material is or isn’t radioactive for all purposes, including transport, is based on guidance issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), although - [What are the prices of tantalum and niobium?](https://tanb.org/faqs/what-are-the-prices-of-tantalum-and-niobium/) - As an international association the T.I.C. is not allowed to gather data on nor discuss prices, forecasting or future trends, as this would be against our Charter and may raise antitrust and competition law concerns. It is important to understand that there are no official prices for tantalum or niobium commodities. These metals are not - [What is ‘coltan’?](https://tanb.org/faqs/what-is-coltan/) - ‘Coltan’ is the abbreviated name for ‘columbite–tantalite’, a group of dense, black metallic ores that contain both niobium minerals (columbite) and tantalum minerals (tantalite) in varying proportions. Columbite is named after niobium’s historical name, columbium. Industry participants often just call this mineral ‘tantalite’ because the value of the contained tantalite is several times that of ## Bulletin Tags - [niobium ITER](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-iter/) - [TIC bulletin 174](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tic-bulletin-174/) - [ekeberg prize 2018](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ekeberg-prize-2018/) - [Pilgangoora tantalum](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/pilgangoora-tantalum/) - [FPXRF geology](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/fpxrf-geology/) - [Kigali GA59](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/kigali-ga59/) - [tantalum-niobium patents](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-niobium-patents/) - [ekeberg prize launch](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ekeberg-prize-launch/) - [tantalum capacitor design](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-capacitor-design/) - [TIC bulletin 175](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tic-bulletin-175/) - [RF GaN amplifiers](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/rf-gan-amplifiers/) - [ultra-low profile capacitors](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ultra-low-profile-capacitors/) - [niobium patents](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-patents/) - [tantalum capacitors EPCI](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-capacitors-epci/) - [TIC bulletin 176](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tic-bulletin-176/) - [GA59 Kigali](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ga59-kigali/) - [niobium trade data](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-trade-data/) - [tantalum capacitors vs MLCC](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-capacitors-vs-mlcc/) - [TIC bulletin 177](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tic-bulletin-177/) - [NORM transport tantalum](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/norm-transport-tantalum/) - [Brazil niobium reserves](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/brazil-niobium-reserves/) - [niobium oxide capacitors](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-oxide-capacitors/) - [FeNb vs FeV](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/fenb-vs-fev/) - [GA60 Hong Kong](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ga60-hong-kong/) - [ekeberg prize 2019](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ekeberg-prize-2019/) - [tantalum oxide recycling](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-oxide-recycling/) - [niobium maglev trains](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-maglev-trains/) - [charles hatchett columbium](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/charles-hatchett-columbium/) - [Tarantula EU H2020](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tarantula-eu-h2020/) - [tantalum supply stability](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-supply-stability/) - [Ti25Ta alloy implant](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ti25ta-alloy-implant/) - [ITSCI finances](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/itsci-finances/) - [tantalum texture targets](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-texture-targets/) - [Charles Hatchett tomb](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/charles-hatchett-tomb/) - [bulletin 180](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/bulletin-180/) - [Ekeberg Prize](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ekeberg-prize/) - [tantalum covid-19](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-covid-19/) - [tantalum capacitors medical](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-capacitors-medical/) - [niobium oxide film](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-oxide-film/) - [high-temp polymer capacitors](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/high-temp-polymer-capacitors/) - [NORM exemption](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/norm-exemption/) - [DERA tantalum market](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/dera-tantalum-market/) - [tantalum bulletin 182](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-bulletin-182/) - [ekeberg prize 2020](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ekeberg-prize-2020/) - [niobium superconductors CERN](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-superconductors-cern/) - [additive manufacturing tantalum](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/additive-manufacturing-tantalum/) - [NORM shipping](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/norm-shipping/) - [HL-LHC upgrade](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/hl-lhc-upgrade/) - [tantalum solvent extraction](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-solvent-extraction/) - [additive manufacturing powders](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/additive-manufacturing-powders/) - [Ti42Nb](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ti42nb/) - [Ta10W](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ta10w/) - [TIC bulletin 183](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tic-bulletin-183/) - [tantalum 5G capacitors](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-5g-capacitors/) - [NORM transport regulation](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/norm-transport-regulation/) - [NDAA 2021](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ndaa-2021/) - [EU critical raw materials 2020](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/eu-critical-raw-materials-2020/) - [TIC bulletin 184](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tic-bulletin-184/) - [ekeberg prize panel](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ekeberg-prize-panel/) - [tantalum transport denial](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-transport-denial/) - [niobium rebar steel](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-rebar-steel/) - [conflict minerals EU UK](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/conflict-minerals-eu-uk/) - [OECD responsible minerals](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/oecd-responsible-minerals/) - [T.I.C. Bulletin 185](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/t-i-c-bulletin-185/) - [tantalum bulletin 186](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-bulletin-186/) - [ekeberg prize 2021](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ekeberg-prize-2021/) - [niobium bridge steel](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-bridge-steel/) - [superconducting nanowire](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/superconducting-nanowire/) - [tantalum nitride](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-nitride/) - [PEC water splitting](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/pec-water-splitting/) - [oxalate precipitation](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/oxalate-precipitation/) - [tantalum cutting](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-cutting/) - [tantalum machinability](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-machinability/) - [sinuous flow](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/sinuous-flow/) - [marker ink cutting](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/marker-ink-cutting/) - [GA62 London](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ga62-london/) - [TIC bulletin 187](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tic-bulletin-187/) - [tantalum bulletin 188](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-bulletin-188/) - [ekeberg prize 2022](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ekeberg-prize-2022/) - [niobium cern](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-cern/) - [MEMS tantalum](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/mems-tantalum/) - [laser powder bed fusion](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/laser-powder-bed-fusion/) - [capacitor future](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/capacitor-future/) - [child labour ASM](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/child-labour-asm/) - [tantalum bulletin 2023](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-bulletin-2023/) - [tantalum stock flow](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-stock-flow/) - [Ekeberg Prize 2023](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ekeberg-prize-2023/) - [sustainable supply chain](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/sustainable-supply-chain/) - [niobium research](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-research/) - [heat treatment](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/heat-treatment/) - [tantalum sputtering blanks](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-sputtering-blanks/) - [EBSD](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ebsd/) - [recrystallisation](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/recrystallisation/) - [ekeberg prize 2026](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ekeberg-prize-2026/) - [6N tantalum](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/6n-tantalum/) - [responsible sourcing](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/responsible-sourcing/) - [GA67 Yinchuan](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ga67-yinchuan/) - [semiconductor manufacturing](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/semiconductor-manufacturing/) - [niobium](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium/) - [TIC bulletin 195](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tic-bulletin-195/) - [tantalum recycling](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-recycling/) - [niobium superconducting cavities](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/niobium-superconducting-cavities/) - [semiconductor tantalum](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/semiconductor-tantalum/) - [tantalum supply](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-supply/) - [critical raw materials](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/critical-raw-materials/) - [tantalum capacitors](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-capacitors/) - [tantalum AI](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tantalum-ai/) - [GA67](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/ga67/) - [Yinchuan China](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/yinchuan-china/) - [TIC bulletin 196](https://tanb.org/bulletin-tag/tic-bulletin-196/) ## Content Status' - [Historical](https://tanb.org/content-status/historical/) ## Industries - [Miners](https://tanb.org/industry/miners/) - [Logistics](https://tanb.org/industry/logistics/) - [Assaying](https://tanb.org/industry/assaying/) - [Traders](https://tanb.org/industry/traders/) - [Manufacturing](https://tanb.org/industry/manufacturing/) - [Processing](https://tanb.org/industry/processing/) - [All](https://tanb.org/industry/all/) ## Info Tags - [Guidance & Compliance](https://tanb.org/info-tag/guidance-compliance/) ## Materials - [All](https://tanb.org/material/all/) - [Niobium (Nb)](https://tanb.org/material/niobium-nb/) - [Tantalum (Ta)](https://tanb.org/material/tantalum-ta/)